Prevention of intestinal dysbiosis against the background of systemic antibiotic therapy in dentistry
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I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
It is impossible to imagine modern medicine without antibacterial drugs. The role of antibiotics in dentistry is difficult to overestimate. Antibacterial agents from different groups—β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, ampiox, amoxicillin), macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)—are widely used in the treatment of caries complications, in the complex therapy of periodontal diseases and oral mucosal diseases, as well as for the prevention of complications after complex surgical interventions [5, 12, 13, 15, 28, 35].
Complication of Antibiotic Therapy – Intestinal Dysbiosis
In dentistry, special importance is given to lincomycin. Lincomycin is one of the oldest antibiotics that has retained its relevance to this day due to its properties:
- It is active against pathogens of both aerobic and anaerobic infections (even in cases of resistance to β-lactams);
- It is widely used for staphylococcal infections whose pathogens are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, as well as for streptococcal, mycoplasmal, clostridial, and bacteroides infections;
- Lincomycin preparations achieve high concentrations in bone tissue, making it one of the most effective antibiotics to this day for treating acute and chronic osteomyelitis and other infectious lesions of bones and joints.
Unfortunately, like all medical drugs, antibiotics have a number of side effects. One of the most common complications of antibiotic therapy is intestinal dysbiosis [1, 3, 6]. Pathological changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora can contribute to damage to enterocytes and disruption of physiological processes in the intestine, lead to increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules, impair intestinal motility, reduce the protective properties of the mucosal barrier, creating conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms [30]. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis leads to a weakening of the body's protective properties [6]. The clinical manifestations of impaired intestinal microbiocenosis can vary in severity from mild diarrhea to severe colitis with a fatal outcome.
Most modern antibiotics can cause dysbiosis. However, the effects of different groups and individual drugs are not the same. For example, the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea for the widely used lincomycin (lincosamide group) is over 20% [3]. Nevertheless, it is possible to conduct effective treatment with lincomycin with a low risk of developing AAD if the eco-antibiotic Ekolinkom® is used.
Detailed Description
The full text of the article is available in the file
"Prevention of Intestinal Dysbiosis during Systemic Antibiotic Therapy in Dentistry".
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